Activity onSaveInstanceState() 方法分析

  • Android,Activity,onSaveInstanceState

Activity 的 onSaveInstanceState() 方法不同于生命周期的其他方法,但是它会在 Actvitity 可能被销毁的情况下,保存一些界面布局的信息,以便在下次恢复的时候能够回到之前的状态。那么这里有几个东西咱们需要知道的。

  1. 什么时候被执行
  2. 哪些信息被保存
  3. 它是怎么保存的
  4. 如何恢复

这里咱们主要看的是第三点,也就是它是怎么工作的,下面是从 Activity 的 onSaveInstanceState() 方法一路追踪下去的分析。

首先是 Actvitity,咱们看看 Activity 都干了什么。这个方法有个核心的对象是 mFragments ,它是FragmentManager 的一个实例。

protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
    outState.putBundle(WINDOW_HIERARCHY_TAG, mWindow.saveHierarchyState());
    // mFragments 是 FragmentManager 对象
    Parcelable p = mFragments.saveAllState();
    if (p != null) {
        outState.putParcelable(FRAGMENTS_TAG, p);
    }
    getApplication().dispatchActivitySaveInstanceState(this, outState);
}

FragmentManager 是一个抽象类,它的实现是 FragmentManagerImpl , 是 FragmentManager 的一个内部类,它实现了 saveAllState() 方法。

FragmentManager 的代码:

Parcelable saveAllState() {
    // Make sure all pending operations have now been executed to get
    // our state update-to-date.
    execPendingActions();

    mStateSaved = true;

    if (mActive == null || mActive.size() <= 0) {
        return null;
    }

    // First collect all active fragments.第一步收集的是 active 的 fragments
    int N = mActive.size();
    FragmentState[] active = new FragmentState[N];
    boolean haveFragments = false;
    // 遍历 fragments
    for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
        Fragment f = mActive.get(i);
        if (f != null) {
            if (f.mIndex < 0) {
                throwException(new IllegalStateException(
                        "Failure saving state: active " + f
                        + " has cleared index: " + f.mIndex));
            }

            haveFragments = true;

            FragmentState fs = new FragmentState(f);
            active[i] = fs;

            if (f.mState > Fragment.INITIALIZING && fs.mSavedFragmentState == null) {
                // mSavedFragmentState 是一个 bundle 对象
                fs.mSavedFragmentState = saveFragmentBasicState(f);

                if (f.mTarget != null) {
                    if (f.mTarget.mIndex < 0) {
                        throwException(new IllegalStateException(
                                "Failure saving state: " + f
                                + " has target not in fragment manager: " + f.mTarget));
                    }
                    if (fs.mSavedFragmentState == null) {
                        fs.mSavedFragmentState = new Bundle();
                    }
                    putFragment(fs.mSavedFragmentState,
                            FragmentManagerImpl.TARGET_STATE_TAG, f.mTarget);
                    if (f.mTargetRequestCode != 0) {
                        fs.mSavedFragmentState.putInt(
                                FragmentManagerImpl.TARGET_REQUEST_CODE_STATE_TAG,
                                f.mTargetRequestCode);
                    }
                }

            } else {
                fs.mSavedFragmentState = f.mSavedFragmentState;
            }

            if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Saved state of " + f + ": "
                    + fs.mSavedFragmentState);
        }
    }

    if (!haveFragments) {
        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "saveAllState: no fragments!");
        return null;
    }

    int[] added = null;
    BackStackState[] backStack = null;

    // Build list of currently added fragments.
    if (mAdded != null) {
        N = mAdded.size();
        if (N > 0) {
            added = new int[N];
            for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
                added[i] = mAdded.get(i).mIndex;
                if (added[i] < 0) {
                    throwException(new IllegalStateException(
                            "Failure saving state: active " + mAdded.get(i)
                            + " has cleared index: " + added[i]));
                }
                if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "saveAllState: adding fragment #" + i
                        + ": " + mAdded.get(i));
            }
        }
    }

    // Now save back stack.
    if (mBackStack != null) {
        N = mBackStack.size();
        if (N > 0) {
            backStack = new BackStackState[N];
            for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
                backStack[i] = new BackStackState(this, mBackStack.get(i));
                if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "saveAllState: adding back stack #" + i
                        + ": " + mBackStack.get(i));
            }
        }
    }

    FragmentManagerState fms = new FragmentManagerState();
    fms.mActive = active;
    fms.mAdded = added;
    fms.mBackStack = backStack;
    return fms;
}

这个方法还有点长,咱们可以看到它都保存了什么东西。First collect all active fragments.它的注释就这样写的,先保存活动着的 fragments,然后会调用 saveFragmentBasicState(f) ,返回一个 bundle 对象,下面我们看看 saveFragmentBasicState(Fragment f) 这个方法。

Bundle saveFragmentBasicState(Fragment f) {
    Bundle result = null;

    if (mStateBundle == null) {
        mStateBundle = new Bundle();
    }
    f.performSaveInstanceState(mStateBundle);
    if (!mStateBundle.isEmpty()) {
        result = mStateBundle;
        mStateBundle = null;
    }
    //这里是咱们要看的
    if (f.mView != null) {
        saveFragmentViewState(f);
    }
    if (f.mSavedViewState != null) {
        if (result == null) {
            result = new Bundle();
        }
        result.putSparseParcelableArray(
                FragmentManagerImpl.VIEW_STATE_TAG, f.mSavedViewState);
    }
    if (!f.mUserVisibleHint) {
        if (result == null) {
            result = new Bundle();
        }
        // Only add this if it's not the default value
        result.putBoolean(FragmentManagerImpl.USER_VISIBLE_HINT_TAG, f.mUserVisibleHint);
    }

    return result;
}

在这个方法里,如果 f.mView != null , 那么调用 saveFragmentViewState(f) 方法。saveFragmentViewState() 方法里,会实例化一个 SparseArray 对象,然后调用 f.mView.saveHierarchyState(mStateArray) 方法。

void saveFragmentViewState(Fragment f) {
    if (f.mView == null) {
        return;
    }
    //这里准备了一个 SparseArray ,用来保存数据
    if (mStateArray == null) {
        mStateArray = new SparseArray<Parcelable>();
    } else {
        mStateArray.clear();
    }
    //这里开始保存数据到 SparseArray
    f.mView.saveHierarchyState(mStateArray);
    if (mStateArray.size() > 0) {
        f.mSavedViewState = mStateArray;
        mStateArray = null;
    }
}

这里,它初始化了一个 SparseArray,应该就是用来保存数据用的,然后我们去看看View.saveHierarchyState() 方法。

public void saveHierarchyState(SparseArray<Parcelable> container) {
    dispatchSaveInstanceState(container);
}

View.saveHierarchyState() 方法直接调用 dispatchSaveInstanceState(container) ,然后我们看看 dispatchSaveInstanceState(container) 方法。

protected void dispatchSaveInstanceState(SparseArray<Parcelable> container) {
    if (mID != NO_ID && (mViewFlags & SAVE_DISABLED_MASK) == 0) {
        mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_SAVE_STATE_CALLED;
        Parcelable state = onSaveInstanceState();
        if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_SAVE_STATE_CALLED) == 0) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "Derived class did not call super.onSaveInstanceState()");
        }
        if (state != null) {
            // Log.i("View", "Freezing #" + Integer.toHexString(mID)
            // + ": " + state);
            container.put(mID, state);
        }
    }
}

这里我们可以看到,如果 mID != NO_ID ,那么会调用 onSaveInstanceState() 方法。

protected Parcelable onSaveInstanceState() {
    mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_SAVE_STATE_CALLED;
    return BaseSavedState.EMPTY_STATE;
}

如果这个 View 是个 ViewGroup 呢,ViewGroup 重写了 dispatchSaveInstanceState 方法,并且调用了super.dispatchSaveInstanceState() 方法,也就是View.dispatchSaveInstanceState()。 

protected void dispatchSaveInstanceState(SparseArray<Parcelable> container) {
    super.dispatchSaveInstanceState(container);
    final int count = mChildrenCount;
    final View[] children = mChildren;
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        View c = children[i];
        if ((c.mViewFlags & PARENT_SAVE_DISABLED_MASK) != PARENT_SAVE_DISABLED) {
            c.dispatchSaveInstanceState(container);
        }
    }
}

经过上面的代码跟踪,咱们大概知道了在 Activity 的 onSaveInstanceState() 方法被调用的时候,系统都干了些啥事情。相应的,在 onRestoreInstanceState() 的时候,系统又干了些啥,onCreate() 的时候,系统又干了些啥,咱可以按照相同的方法去追踪下去。

不过工作量有点大,我实在看不下去了,哪天有空再说吧……

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